(noun)
a period of paid leave granted to working professionals, especially university faculty, for travel or study, typically lasting one year for every seven years of work;
e.g. One of my colleagues is away on sabbatical, and they are taking a vacation in Europe.
(noun)
authorized leave of absence from employment or duty, typically for an extended period of time;
e.g. He took a sabbatical at the end of the year to go visit his family.
(noun)
some sort of change or break from a normal routine such as employment;
e.g. She was ready for a sabbatical after a long period of time doing the same work.
(adjective)
relating to the year of paid leave granted to some working professionals for every seven years worked, i.e. relating to a sabbatical;
e.g. This is my sabbatical research project which I have taken up for my own interests, separate from my work-related research.
(adjective)
in old usage, relating to the seventh day of the week that is reserved for rest and/or worship in some religions, i.e. relating to the sabbath;
e.g. This is one of the family's sabbatical traditions that they follow every week.